Autores: María del Carmen Rentería-Arellano, Juan Roberto Torres-Cisneros, Hugo de Jesús Ballesteros Loyo
El SARS-CoV-2 afecta al huésped utilizando el receptor de la enzima convertidora de la angiotensina 2 (ACE2).
El primer paso en la entrada del virus es la unión de la proteína trimérica S (spike) del virus al receptor ACE2 humano, el cual se expresa en múltiples órganos, incluyendo el pulmón, corazón, riñón e intestino, y aún más importante en el tejido endotelial.
Dentro de la fisiopatología principal está la tormenta de citoquinas, es la respuesta inflamatoria sistémica no controlada que resulta de la liberación de grandes cantidades de citoquinas proinflamatorias y quimioquinas por células inmunoefectoras.
La tormenta de citoquinas se une a la respuesta metabólica al trauma de una cirugía, lo cual ocasiona una hiperrespuesta inflamatoria que puede llegar a la falla orgánica múltiple.
El manejo del paciente con la enfermedad de COVID-19 y cirugía implica diferentes especialidades médicas y quirúrgicas.
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